Reset & Revert commit

The git checkout command is like a Git Swiss army knife. Many developers thank it is overloaded , which is what lead to add addtion of git switch and git restore commands .

We can use checkout to create branches , switch to new branches , restore files , and undo history .

We can use git checkout <commit-hash> to view a previous commit ,

Remember, you can use the git log command to view commit hashes . We just need the first 7 digits of a commit hash .

Don't panic when you see the following message ...

Detached HEAD

you are in 'detached HEAD' state . You can look around , make experimental changes and commit them , and you can discard any commits you make in this state without impacting any branches by switching back to a branch

Define Detached HEAD

You have a couple options :

1.Stay in detached HEAD to examine the contents of old commits.Poke around,view the files,etc. 2.Leave and go back to wherever you were befor - reattach the HEAD . Reattach the HEAD 3.Create a new branch and switch to it . You can now make and save changes , since HEAD is no longer detached

Discarding changes

Suppose yout've made some changes to a file but don't want to keep them .To revert the back to whatever it looked like when you lst commited , you can use :

git checkout HEAD<filename> to discard any changes in that file , reverting back to the HEAD

Anthor Options

Here's another shorted option to revert a files ... Rather than typing HEAD , you can subsitute -- followed by the file(s) you want to resote .

Restore

git restore is a branch new git command that hellps with undoing operations .

Because it is so new , nost of the existing Git tutorials and books do not mention ,it is worth knowning !

Reacall that git checkout does a million different things, which many git user find very confusing.git restore was introduced alongside git switch as alternatives to some of user for checkout

Options 1: Git restore <filename?

specific file you want to restore .

Options 2 : Git restore --source HEAD~1 <filename>

specific file you want to restore and at time you want to restore.

Unstaging files with restore

if you have accidentally added a file to your staging area with git add and you don't wish to include it the next commit , you can use git restore to remove it from staging .

Use the --staged option like this :

git restore --staged app.js

Git Reset

Suppose you've just made a couple of commits on the master branch , but you actually to make them on a separate branch . to undo those commits ,you can use git reset

`git reset <commit-hash>`

it will reset the repo back to a specific commit . the commit gone

 `git reset --hard <commit-hash>`

it detele commit in repo

Git revert

Git revert similar to git reset in that they both "undo" changes , but they acccomplish in different ways.

Git reset acctually moves the branch pointer backward , eliminating commit .

git revert instead create a branch new commit which reverse/undos the changes from a commit. Because result in a new commit , you will prompted to enter a commit message